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One of the features of this model is that the governing equations for the evolution of the probability density function, in the diffusion limit, can generally be simplified using fractional calculus.
To the best of our knowledge, there has been no contribution to this generalized Gerber-Shiu function in the diffusion perturbed risk model.
Eggshell reduction facilitates maternal-fetal gas exchange, but has also been proposed to function in the diffusion of chemical signals from the embryo to the mother in order to prolong gestation [32].
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The Delta functions in the diffusion equation are used to locate the positions of edge pixels for each object in the image.
end{aligned} (3) The reader may wonder about the reason for the square root term and the function χ in the diffusion coefficient of the SDE for the processes (x^{i}) and (y^{i}).
Furthermore, the influence of using different edge-preserving functions in the anisotropic diffusion prior term is analysed.
For time-variable fluid injection rates, the seismicity has to be calculated by convolving the input pressure signal with the Green's Function for the diffusion in a homogeneous 3D medium and the spatial integration must be done numerically.
Finally, we show that the total noise exhibits a non-monotomic behavior as a function of the diffusion rate in contrast to previous results [ 23].
D is a spatially varying function representing the diffusion coefficient in the environment (the value of D was 360 μm/s inside agarose, 20 μm/s inside yeast communities, and 0 μm/s in the surrounding air, according to experimental measurements).
The relative error to be minimised is given as a function of R by: In the diffusion models with heterogeneous channel sizes, the total flux was considered a linear combination of fluxes through n differently sized channels.
In particular, the authors calculate the waiting time as a function of the diffusion rate of replicators.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com