One difficulty in investigating the stem apex arises from the uncertainty about which aspects are important for the overall function: division planes, division frequency, metabolic patterns, or some combination of these.
For the molecular function division, a graph was obtained using default criteria and for the other two divisions (cellular component and biological process), seq/node filter values were changed to 4/10 to prevent overloading the graphs.
Most of the contigs in the molecular function division were dedicated to binding functions and catalytic activity (82% of both species; S. psittacina: 7367 sequences and S. purpurea: 6170 sequences) (Fig. 2B).
In the biological process and molecular function division, an abundance of genes were found to be related with metabolic process and catalytic activity and inside the metabolic process and catalytic activity, a number of genes were found related to macromolecule metabolic process and hydrolase activity (Supplementary Figs S1A, B and S2A, B).
The lack of correlated evolution among the MA values employed by these muscles has implications for evolutionary-developmental studies of the functional anatomy of fish feeding, since recent work suggests that independently functioning divisions of fish biting muscles can develop from a single larval jaw adductor [ 45].
The Central Functions division comprises group and corporate functions, such as treasury, funding and finance, risk management, legal, communications and human resources.
The standard mode for the cellular Potts model is to define a target cell volume as part of the energy function while division is a matter of subdividing the discrete number of spatial units among the two daughter cells.
Such spatial heterogeneity enables optimized function through division of labor among cells.
The evolution unit comprised approximately four weeks of the course and followed instruction on genetics (DNA structure and function, cell division, and inheritance).
The German forces were worn out, with only ⅓ of their motor vehicles still functioning, infantry divisions at ⅓ to ½ strength, and serious logistics issues preventing the delivery of warm clothing and other winter equipment to the front.
