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Generally, gene duplications are thought to be an important precursor to the functional divergence of genes, and selection is the main evolutionary force driving gene function diversification [ 22, 52, 55– 55].
In this study, we identified the evolutionary expansion of the rice OsOPT family and showed function diversification of the duplicated genes by expression analysis and primary analysis of the mutants.
Study on function diversification of duplicated copies of genes revealed that gene copies from genome duplications (polyploidizations) experience different fates during their evolution including gene loss, subfunctionalization [60], and neofunctionalization [47], [61].
In this regard, it is worth mentioning that Mt3 associates with other proteins in mouse brains as part of a multiprotein complex [55] suggesting function diversification and involvement in various physiological processes.
For the DNA repair genes investigated in this study, most resulted in redundancy, pointing to function diversification among the orthologs.
However, these kinds of methods do not consider the function diversification when a protein produces interactions with other ones.
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The two different expression patterns in different tissues of the 12 duplicated gene pairs suggest functional diversification and possible function redundancy (or gene silencing), respectively.
It has been suggested that non-pseudogene paralogs have been retained because of a role for GAPD in the bundling of microtubules and other cellular functions as well as functional diversification into testis- and muscle-specific forms [ 11].
Although we are currently unable to attribute functions or diversification in function of the duplicated core eudicot AGL6-like sequences in this study, expression divergence between the paralogous copies is strong, suggesting significant evolution in the transcriptional regulation of these genes.
Alteration of gene function through diversification can have advantageous consequences, such as in immune system diversification involving the major histocompatibility complex genes [ 2- 4].
Since at least 1973, neuroethologists have called for the development of genetic tools to understand the creation, function, and diversification of the neural circuits responsible for cricket stridulation [ 56].
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