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The ultrastructure and histochemical staining properties of male-specific glands in T. albus suggest that they produce peptides which might function as contact pheromones.
Can cuticular hydrocarbons (CHC's) function as contact pheromones in aquatic organisms?
Our data support the theory that in aqueous systems, sparingly soluble, nonpolar compounds function as contact cues as proposed originally for rotifers [38].
These rumbles may be simple expressions of emotional intensity [4], or they may function as contact calls that coordinate group movement [25], [26] or as alarm calls to more distant elephants [16], [25].
They may also function as "contact calls" when animals are initiating a move (Fischer and Zinner 2011) or while traveling (Rendall et al. 1999; Meise et al. 2011).
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Operating from West Germany or West Berlin, they initially functioned as contact points for political refugees.
Due to the fact that the bulk volume affects the surface chemistry, which functions as contact zone where adhesion takes place, variations in the cross-linking density could generate (for example, in polar surface groups) if respective end groups are available due to an incomplete reaction.
Although insect cuticles often contain a complex mixture of compounds, only a few may be involved in functioning as contact sex pheromones with composition or ratios varying between conspecific males and females [7], [26], [27].
There are a variety of characteristics that determine whether a chemical can function as a contact sensitizer (or allergen) including the ability to penetrate into the skin, react with protein and be recognized as antigenic by immune cells.
Finally, considering the realistic photovoltaic configurations, an ITO layer with a thickness of 80 nm, and a thin silver coating on the rear side are introduced into the optimal SNH and DNH systems (see Figure 7), to function as the contact, anti-reflection layer, and the back reflector, respectively.
In the Unites States emergency rooms function as first contact care especially for vulnerable groups.
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