Specifically, Ago2 functions as an endoribonuclease in a protein complex bound to short RNAs that serve as guides to target specific transcripts for degradation (Reviewed in [32]).
IRE1α functions as an endoribonuclease, which initiates the splicing of the mRNA encoding the key transcription factor XBP-1. Spliced Xbp-1 was not increased in palmitate-treated INS-1E cells at 22.2 mmol/l compared to similarly treated cells at 3.3 mmol/l glucose.
Recently, MazF, the toxin component of the toxin-antitoxin module, has been categorized as an endoribonuclease, or it may have a function similar to that of a RNA interference enzyme.
Additional components are predicted to participate in the RFC, because neither RF5 nor GRP162 can cleave the mRNA; it remains to be determined which factor of the RFC possesses the capacity as an endoribonuclease to process atp6-orfH79.
Recently, we identified APE1 as an endoribonuclease that cleaves a specific coding region of c-myc mRNA in vitro, regulating c-myc mRNA level and half-life in cells.
Activated IRE1 acts as an endoribonuclease, cleaving X box-binding protein (XBP1) mRNA.
The MazF protein has been recently categorized as an endoribonuclease [ 41, 42] or as a type of RNA interference enzyme [ 43].
As Dom34p acts as an endoribonuclease in NGD [ 35], the stabilised complex may also anchor Dom34p while it degrades the mRNA.
Finally and more recently, type V systems have been described in which the antitoxin acts as an endoribonuclease that degrades the mRNA coding for toxin mRNA.
