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By analogy, the effect of an exposure in an observational study can only be fully and validly assessed if follow-up starts from first exposure.
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It is therefore important to reliably and validly assess participation in PA over the lifespan to fully examine relationships between PA and chronic disease development.
A general indexing paradigm was developed for structuring data collection and validly conducting analyses.
Moreover, the system can estimate students' ability reliably and validly and conduct an adaptive test efficiently.
An emerging controversy has been whether AS is a distinct condition from high functioning autism (HFA), and if so, can it be reliably and validly diagnosed.
The difference in reaction times to invalidly and validly cued targets is termed the 'validity effect' and indicates the costs for attentional reorienting.
The results of practical application show that the proposed method can greatly reduce the amount of the design work and validly improve the blast results.
It is relatively straightforward to generate a simple list of problems that can be reliably and validly defined.
She also believes q ⊃ t, and validly infers t from her beliefs that q and q ⊃ t.
AERA et al. (2014); Hartig et al. (2012); and Hambleton (2005) provide theoretical implications for adapting a test and validly assessing a given construct.
However, I am concerned that the draft framework still may not reliably and validly assess the true value of the nation's diverse higher education institutions.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com