It is therefore of interest not only to determine the full spectrum of SNPs affecting a single trait or outcome, but also the range of phenotypes altered by single SNP or gene.
In contrast to the numerous mutational data in cutaneous melanomas, very limited data are available [ 23– 28], concerning either the full spectrum of mutational events affecting the MAPK/ERK, PI3K/AKT, and GNAQ/11 pathways in female genital tract melanomas or the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) status [ 29] in the same type of malignancy.
A proposed solution to this problem is to develop more rapid screening methods based on a mechanistic understanding of toxicity; however, mechanistic research has been reductionist in nature and may not be fully capable of characterizing the full spectrum of targets for agents that affect multiple systems at roughly the same concentration and/or have pleiotropic effects.
A potential extension of the work would be to consider a large set of synthetic tracks13 in order to resolve the full spectrum of probabilities of a cyclone affecting a stretch of coastline.
Thus, although we were able to include some tumor characteristics and other clinical indications from the SEER data, we were not able to capture the full spectrum of illness that may have affected the decision to use chemotherapy.
Several glandular and extraglandular manifestations may be part of the full spectrum of the disease, which might severely affect the patients' prognosis and quality of life [ 3- 7].
The process affects the full spectrum of wildlife in the aquatic ecosystem at all life stages -- from tiny photosynthetic organisms to fish, shrimp, crabs, birds and marine mammals.
When surveyed on the importance and performance of each of these 30 items and the 13 items added to cover the full spectrum of activities and emotions known to be affected by stroke, long-term stroke survivors rated as high impact (importance * difficulty) most items, omitting only eight of them (refer to table 2).
Several aspects of developmental toxicity can already be examined using standardized protocols, and others must be added to cover the full spectrum of organ functions and disease endpoints that may be affected.
In addition, 13 items covering areas of mastery, cognition, dexterity, driving and communication were added in order to cover the full spectrum of activities, participative experiences and emotions known to be affected by stroke.
The collection reflects advocacy and information shared with the full spectrum of humanity about HIV/AIDS prevention, risks, social advocacy, and compassion for those affected.
