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Several flowers had active growth in the fourth whorl, some with full carpel development.
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We therefore concluded that CsACS2-mediated ethylene production in the carpel primordia likely prevents the development of the stamina in female flowers, but is not required for carpel development, since both mm and MM plants develop a functional carpel.
Similarly, GRCD2 has a homeotic function restricted to carpel development.
GRCD1 is necessary for stamen development, but not for petal or carpel development.
Class C genes alone are responsible for specifying carpel development, but act together with class B genes to determine stamen development.
This suggests an unexpected role for ethylene perception in the stamens that serves not only to repress stamen development, but also to promote carpel development.
Both the epidermal cell morphology and the presence of trichomes and stomata on the Alq sepal surface were characteristics to that occurring during carpel development.
Similar homeotic changes were described in tomato plants overexpressing TAG1, a C-class MADS-box gene involved in stamen and carpel development [7].
In situ hybridization experiments showed that REM 22, 23, 25, 13, 15 and 16 have unique spatial expression patterns during early stamen and carpel development.
Together, these results indicate that TAGL1 and TAG1 should play overlapping regulatory functions as genetic determinants of stamen and carpel development, which may be the result of balanced expression patterns of both genes.
In Arabidopsis, AG performs the C-function sensu stricto (i.e. sexual organ identity and floral meristem termination), whereas SHP was shown to be involved later in carpel development stages [30].
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