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Philip Morris has said paying the full bond would bankrupt the company and make it unable to pay billions of dollars to states by Tuesday, a deadline set under a nationwide tobacco settlement.
Full bond is generally assumed between the reinforcement and the concrete.
Full bond condition (compatibility of stresses and strains) was assumed for contact modelling.
In the study, full bond condition was assumed for the boundaries between the layers, and a linear elastic model was used for the analysis.
In Western Australia, the full bond amount can be returned to the company when the mine closure standards have been met and all environmental regulations have been achieved.
As a result, the government may have difficulty regaining full bond market financing when the EU-IMF financing program expires in May 2014.
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In addition to a detailed assessment of the full bond-slip relationship, the test results offer a direct interpretation of bond behaviour under practical levels of confinement and its influence on the failure modes.
From this, a special consideration is necessary when a beam is strengthened with full bonding NSMR by using too thin FRP strip.
This leads to relief of rapid increase of the deformation at a particular position in the case of full bonding, which is effective in relieving brittle failure phenomena.
It has to be said that the conditions adopted for the modelling such as assuming linear elastic behaviour for all the materials, full bonding condition and non consideration of fracture mechanics are far from reality in a typical overlaid cracked pavement incorporating SAMIs.
At the end of this study, a static model of a structure with hexahedral blocks having sides of 0.02 m, with full bonded layers and restrained horizontal displacements on the model sides, was implemented to evaluate the maximum tensile stress induced in a block when the load is applied at its centre.
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