This specificity is thought to be due to activator proteins, which are required for full activity of their respective NHase.
Surprisingly, all PDGFRα mutants in the "add-back panel" that can only initiate one of the five downstream pathways were not able to restore the PDGF-induced chemotaxis to the level achieved by WT PDGFRα, indicating that activation of multiple effectors is required for full activity of the receptor to mediate certain cellular responses [27].
Most recently, Choi et al. further reported that a catalytically inactive mutant of TERT (TERTci) retains the full activity of wild-type TERT in hair follicle stem cell activation and keratinocyte proliferation [40].
The genes for cobalt-containing nitrile hydratase (Nhase) α and β subunits (nthA and nthB) were located in the genomes of CPAC 15 (BS03457 and BS03458) and CPAC 7 (BU04142 and BU04143) downstream of an ORF encoding a Nhase activator protein (BS 03459 or BU04144, respectively), which is required for full activity of their respective NHase.
The full activity of the enzyme reversibly recovers after removal of the pesticide and re-oxidation of H2NQS.
This is attributed to synergistic effects, where two or more components are required to be present together for full activity of the sample.
The individual immunodepletion of each factor from whole CF-CM showed that all were necessary for full activity of CF-CM.
b Time course of node activity in response to PI3K inhibition at time = 2 in cells with full activity of PIM (top) or reduced PIM activity (10% chance of inactive PIM at any time step) (bottom).
Given the low relative amount of < 2% (data not shown) of the individual components in the thyme extract, probably none of them could solely account for the full activity of thyme extract.
Ascorbate acts as an electron-donor keeping iron in the ferrous state thereby maintaining the full activity of collagen hydroxylases; parallel reactions with a variety of dioxygenases affect the expression of a wide array of genes, for example via the HIF system, as well as via the epigenetic landscape of cells and tissues.
This experiment therefore identifies multiple cis-elements required for full activity of the miR-375 promoter.
