Sentence examples for frozen environments from inspiring English sources

Of these, -da was lost, -dur was first reduced to -du and then to -d and -a only survived in a few frozen environments.

Nevertheless, studies have shown that short DNA fragments may persist for tens of thousands of years 15, 16, and over half a million year-old environmental DNA is reported from frozen environments 17, 18.

We do find plenty of tracks though, especially of snowshoe hares: their side-by-side footprints are often the only evidence of wildlife in this frozen environment.

This is reflected in the underestimated transmission coefficient obtained from the frozen environment approach in solution (κFE = 0.44 ± 0.09 and κMD = 0.62 ± 0.04, respectively).

More generally, outside of the frozen environment regime, environmental dynamics will enter the rate to a degree described by the GH equation.

This is obviously a nonequilibrium solvation situation, but in contrast to the frozen environment limit, κ will depend explicitly on those dynamics in a manner determined by the GH Eq. (3.4).

This is of course not always the case [27]; we discuss an enzyme reaction where dynamics are involved in the section 'Beyond the frozen environment limit; environmental dynamics impact' for example.

The Cl− MeCl' SN2 reaction in water [37] (with the prime included for convenience of discussion) illustrates the former, frozen environment limit of GH theory, as well as several other important issues introduced in our discussion.

For this enzyme reaction, environmental motions strongly coupled to the O Cβ reaction coordinate were found to occur on the barrier crossing timescale; since their dynamics is thus relevant, the failure of the frozen environment approach is explained.

When the barrier frequency is sufficiently high and the reaction system-environment coupling is not too strong, there is no time for the friction ζ(t) to depart from its initial value during any recrossing events, and a "frozen environment" regime applies; the reaction proceeds without any dynamics in the environment (during the short time of the trajectories involved in the barrier passage).

The involvement of some environmental dynamics was signaled by the noticeable underestimation by the frozen environment approach of the enzymatic transmission coefficient with respect to the result obtained from the analysis of trajectories initiated at the TS (κFE = 0.56 and κMD = 0.87 ± 0.03, respectively).