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In the 19th century Tibet was a buffer between Russian imperial expansion and India's frontier defense policy.
They played a part in the frontier defense forces of the Sāmānids and later of Mahmud of Ghanza.
It was first documented in 1705 as the Cossack settlement of Osykovy Rovenyok, located on a Ukrainian frontier defense line.
The Urianghad tribes surrendered to the Hongwu emperor and were incorporated into China's frontier defense system under a Chinese military headquarters.
All the imperial dynasties in Chinese history adopted the practice of tuntian to cultivate and guard frontier areas as an important state policy for developing border areas and consolidating frontier defense.
Frontier defense troops in Anatolia were withdrawn to Europe or neglected, and bands of Turkish raiders, driven westward by the upheaval of the Mongol invasion, began to penetrate into Byzantine territory.
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Constantius then set about restoring frontier defenses.
Support of the frontier defenses became an increasing burden on the central government.
In the 3rd century the Roman frontier defenses began to be hard-pressed by invasions from the Alemanni.
Either the invaders would overrun the settled lands and then adopt civilized customs, or the frontier defenses would prove strong enough to hold them off.
In the 12th century the town became important as a fortress settlement because of its key position in the frontier defenses guarding the east coast route from Scotland.
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