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To estimate energy efficiency levels, it is possible to use both parametric and non-parametric frontier approaches [6 9].
Zou et al. [83] used ratio based, deterministic and stochastic frontier approaches to investigate fuel efficiency of transport aircrafts, and the results showed that potential cost savings of airlines.
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Then, we identify more efficient farmers by means of a stochastic frontier approach.
The stochastic frontier approach is used to assess firms' efficiency, and also to identifying factors explaining inefficiency.
The value added of this paper is translating a non-parametric frontier approach (DEA) to a dynamic scope (Malmquist indices) by connecting the regional accessibility to the productivity of the road infrastructure inputs associated with each region.
One frontier approach of colloidal chemistry to nanoscale entities capable to exhibit enhanced or even unconventional physical chemical properties as well as diversified capabilities for multitask applications envisages fabrication of breed-new hybrid nanocrystals (HNCs) with a spatially controlled distribution of their chemical composition.
Parametric methods include thick frontier approach (TFA), stochastic frontier approach (SFA), and distribution free approach (DFA).
These functions, which are estimated to determine efficiency, are also known as stochastic frontier approach (SFA).
Such systematic comparisons are usually based on the efficacy frontier approach proposed by the German Institute for Quality and Efficacy in Healthcare (IQWiG) [17].
Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is one approach commonly employed to measure productive efficiency and is known as a non-parametric frontier approach [8].
The traditional methodology for measuring efficiency in economics has been the production frontier approach based on principles from statistics and econometrics [11].
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