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In 6 9 Hz, the pattern was consistent with 4 6 Hz findings for the frontal region such that 6 9 Hz frontal power was lower, indexing greater neural activation, in the joint attention condition compared with the nonsocial condition.
(B ) Group-averaged frontal power spectra show increased theta, alpha, and gamma oscillations during MOSSA in infants 4 6 months of age (n = 12).
We evaluated frontal power spectra at the frontal channel (F7) at two time periods (1) MOSSA, and (2) immediately after first body movements were recorded.
Group-averaged frontal power spectrograms in infants (A ) 0 3 months of age, and (B ) 4 6 months of age (C ) Frontal group-median power spectra (solid line, median; shaded area, 25th 75th percentile) across 0 30 Hz frequencies.
(D – G ) Differences in group-averaged frontal power spectra presented with 95% CI from bootstrap analysis (pink line, 97.5th percentile; green line, 2.5th percentile) comparing infants at 0 3 months to infants at 4 6 months of age.
(A ) Group-averaged frontal power spectra (solid line, median; shaded area, 25th 75th percentile) show similar EEG power during the awake state (prior to anesthesia) and MOSSA in infants aged 0 3 months across all frequencies (n = 7).
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In contrast, a small but significant increase in frontal alpha power compared to occipital power (95% CI, paired bootstrap analysis) was present during MOSSA in infants 4 6 months of age.
A small but significant increase in frontal alpha power compared to occipital alpha power begins to emerge at 4 6 months of age.
During MOSSA, we see a small, but significant, increase in frontal alpha power when compared to occipital power in infants 4 6 months, which suggests this feature of anesthetic-induced consciousness emerges in early life.
General discussion has focused on frontal alpha power asymmetry as an index of potential risk for emotion-related psychopathology, as a moderator and mediator of emotion [ 14], and as state and trait markers of correlated activity measures, reflecting Davidson's claim [ 15] that left frontal hypoactivation is a stable marker of trait vulnerability to depression and anxiety disorders [ 12].
As can be seen from Table 1, frontal theta power was significantly correlated with parietal and occipital theta power (r = 0.60 to 0.70).
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