For this reason, the DCS is hierarchically organized and divided into three layers: front-end layer (FEL), local control layer (LCL) and global control layer (GCL).
The third (top) is a front-end layer based on AJAX [ 23] techniques to offer an interactive, quick and friendly interface.
A front-end layer provides static content such as HTML pages and stylesheets, as well as an interface to the data sources with dynamic content such as gene expression data or pathway maps to the web application.
Practically speaking, well-established KM systems were arranged under different layers: the front end part that deals with internal and external users, and acts as a provider of knowledge services, and the back-end that mostly authors knowledge and contributes to document and refresh knowledge base systems.
The User Interface layer provides a front end to allow users to deposit and retrieve content, and perform administrative functions.
Each PSD module is obtained by aligning 32 linear arrays of micro-detectors each also containing the integrated analog front end electronics on a thin ceramic layer.
When a positive voltage is applied to the top electrode of the device, the oxygen ion will migrate under the electric field and lead to the front end to form the oxygen-rich layer.
On the front-end technical layer, we introduced AJAX for posting the updates and switching tabs, while improving the site's performance by grouping images using CSS sprites.
The specific design rule derivation is explained for key layers at the front end of line (FEOL), middle of line (MOL), and back end of line (BEOL) of the predictive process modeled.
The Widget layer presents a unified front end for end users to perform aforementioned content orchestration operations.
Studies into front end efficiency [17], savings in the network layer [18, 19], transmission protocols 20 and radio resource management [21] all contribute to energy efficiency.
