Exact(38)
In this approach, an observed score on instrument A is associated with an expected trait level and from this expectation an expected observed score on instrument B is estimated.
Each class was expected with a frequency of 0.25 and significant deviations from this expectation were assessed with χ2 tests.
Why should observant Muslim women be exempt from this expectation?
Results deviating from this expectation could not be explained by economic factors alone.
Several factors can result in deviations from this expectation.
The true proportion of genome shared, however, may deviate from this expectation [17].
Similar(22)
And so I watched a culture change over those four years from mediocrity to this expectation of winning.
When a principal curve is estimated from observed data, this expectation is replaced by a smoothing procedure which estimates the co-ordinates by local averaging.
A cross-tabulation, at our department, of records with available data from both sources confirmed this expectation (unpublished data).
Because only ∼10% of phagosomes harboring LLO-loaded liposomes are competent to rupture (as measured by dye release; KD Lee, personal communication), 8% was not statistically significantly different from this 10% expectation, while 2% was statistically significantly different from both the expected (10%) and observed (8%) values (p>.99 by z-test, using a binomial distribution).
From this, our expectation was that the representation of texture by individual neurons would vary according to the context in which the stimulus was encountered.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com