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Aside from the traction and antilock braking systems, these wagons have an electronic stability control that brakes a single wheel to help prevent an imminent skid.
There is also another way to calculate the adhesion torque by approaching from the traction motor side, as represented in Eqs.
Consider that the train starts from the traction substation, combined with Eq. (5) using Matlab software to calculate the GIC flowing on rails.
The electric utility's power network is exposed to faults, short duration thermal overloads, temporary over-voltages, high magnitude transient recovery voltages, load unbalance and harmonics which emanate from the traction system.
Additional noise comes from the traction motors.
Heat is derived from the traction battery via a resistance element.
Similar(50)
This work presents closed-form solutions for free-field motions in a continuously inhomogeneous half-plane that include contributions of incident waves as well as of waves reflected from the traction-free horizontal surface.
Syria's opposition is still struggling to overcome infighting and inexperience 15 months into the uprising, preventing the movement from gaining the traction it needs to present a credible alternative to Assad.
Thus there is no need to use an overly complicated (and expensive) system to control the traction from side to side; computer-controlled applications of the antilock brakes can do that.
Alternatively, for cells adhering to an extracellular matrix, flexible substrates can be used to measure indirectly the tugging force at the cell cell contact from the imbalances of the traction forces applied on the substrate [71,72].
The force-balancing principle dictates that, in the absence of significant inertial and frictional forces from the cell microenvironment, the traction forces exerted by an adherent cell must be balanced by the cell substrate.
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