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The non-specific staining was blocked with PBS supplemented with 0.1% Triton X-100 and 5% serum from the same host as the secondary antibody used.
Control procedures were performed according to the same experimental protocol by (i) omission of the primary antibody, and (ii) substitution of the primary antibody with a non-specific IgG from the same host as the primary antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology).
It is also interesting to note that plasmids from the same host (as pAV1 and pAV2, pAB1 and pAB2, pMAC and pAB02) show links with different Acinetobacter chromosomes, suggesting independent evolutionary pathways not related to the particular host in which they have been isolated.
Air-dried cryosections were briefly fixed in 4% PFA before being permeabilised with 1% Triton X-100 for 30 min, and subsequently blocked for 1 h with 5% serum from the same host as the secondary antibodies used, before 1 h incubation at RT with primary antibodies.
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To avoid background from secondary antibodies alone, we normally pre-blocked the tissue with 5% normal serum from the same host species as the labeled secondary antibody.
When primary and secondary antibodies are used, it is most effective to block tissues by using normal serum from the same host species as the labeled secondary antibody.
As a control, a set of non-regulated events was selected, defined to be exon triplets tested on the array from the same host genes as the regulated events, such that they do not overlap with regulated events and are negative for splicing regulation according to the array experiments.
None of the three V. dahliae isolates (strains PD727, PD728, PD729) from the same host and location were in contention as parents of V. longisporum, as they grouped in the main clade of V. dahliae, distantly related to the V. longisporum parents V. dahliae lineages D2 and D3 (Figure 2).
As a formal test of whether genetic differentiation-after geographic distance was accounted for-was stronger among samples from different hosts than among samples from the same host, we used partial Mantel tests [ 74] as implemented in Arlequin.
It was also found that isolates obtained from the same host in different locations may belong to the same subtype.
However, not all Anicetus species from the same host were found to cluster in the phylogenetic tree: A. aligarhensis and A. dodonia, from two different hosts, appeared to cluster together as sister species with a high posterior probability value.
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