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The concentration of PRL was determined by interpolation from a standard curve prepared from the PRL standards.
Transfection of FOXO1A alone had no effect on luciferase expression, while transfection of both HoxA-11 and FOXO1A lead to over 3-fold activation from the PRL enhancer (Fig. 4).
The results are also consistent with previous studies that human PL was derived from a duplication of the GH gene [10], while PLs in rodents [11] and ruminants [12] were derived from the PRL gene.
By contrast, in C57BL/6 mice, the index of aggressiveness increased dramatically by 6-fold following the selective depletion of NE from the PrL (P=0.0002; Fig. 3).
After collecting the supernatant from the PRL assay, cells were fixed by adding 1 mL fixative (2% paraformaldehyde, 0.1% glutaraldehyde, dissolved in PBS) per well.
A SNP (ss1712302819) located 337 bp away from the PRL gene, localized on LG2, is one of the SNPs with strongest environmental correlation and is a pairwise outlier in all Baltic comparisons (table 4).
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The HSV-TK promoter in the control promoter vector pGL3TK was generated by PCR from the pRL-TK vector (Promega).
As the internal standard vector, renilla luciferase (RLUC) gene amplified from the pRL-SV40 vector (Promega, Madison, WI, USA) was cloned into the pBGW2 vector.
Sequencing the 3' ends of seven independent clones isolated from the PRL-2 cDNA library and one EST obtained through the Arabidopsis EST database revealed four different length transcripts produced from the single subunit A gene based on different poly (A) tail attachment sites (Fig. 3).
We prepared a reference construct by digesting the HSV-TK promoter, between the BamH1 site and Hind III sites, from the pRL-TK vector (Promega Corporation, Madison, WI, USA) that expresses Renilla luciferase, and cloning this fragment into the pGL4.18 [ luc2p/Neo] vector (Promega) that expresses Firefly luciferase.
These data suggest that HoxA-11 and FOXO1A act cooperatively to upregulate PRL from the decidual PRL enhancer, and that association with FOXO1A switches HoxA-11 from a repressor to an activator.
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