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Furthermore, to generate a thermal gradient, specimens were cooled from the back surface of the substrate while heating from the top surface of the TBC by a CO2 laser beam.
In addition, another object and reference beam areas of O2 and R2 are also reflected from the back surface of the optical window glass.
To prevent interference by the reflected light from the back surface of the reference or the detected surface, a wedge was formed on the back surface of the silicon plane mirrors.
In most cases, each layer has a thickness of 1/4 of the wavelength of light, forming a "quarter-wavelength film" in which light reflected from the frontal surface of a transparent film interferes with the light reflected from the back surface of the film, and undergoes a 1/2 wavelength shift when passing twice through a 1/4 thickness film.
The forearms should balance in such a way that the wrists extend straight from them (as viewed from the back surface of the hand) to a point an inch or so over the keyboard, propped up gently by the natural relaxed curl in the fingers which are resting on rather than striking keys at any given time.
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A thin layer of skin was removed from an onion and laid on the back surface of the microscope coverslip located at the image plane of the system.
Likewise, the object beam reflected from the back surface of an optical window glass is denoted as O B, which is also assumed to consist of O2 and R2.
A very practical scheme requiring a single correction measurement, from the back-surface of the mirror at the incidence point and aligned with the mirror normal, delivers an error reduction typically in excess of 30 dB.
The laser beam was incident from the polished back surface of the sapphire substrate onto the sapphire/GaN epilayer interface.
Here, the hologram pattern is generated by controlling the sizes of the object beams which are reflected from the front and back surfaces of the optical window glass.
Tape both the front and back surfaces of the glass.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com