In a centralized batch mode, positions can be retrieved (up to a rigid transformation) by applying an eigenvalue decomposition on a so-called similarity matrix built from the relative distances.
One way to calculate the mean center points with a relative distance is to convert the relative distances from each point to absolute distances from some virtual local points (support vectors) [33].
Applied to cementitious materials, it is found that bulk volume changes in saturated cement pastes at constant pressure and temperature conditions result from a competition of repulsive and attractive phenomena that originate from the relative distance of the solid particles – much as Henry Louis Le Châtelier, the father of modern cement science, had conjectured in the late 19th century.
They chose Yankee Stadium as their laboratory, and asked spectators to estimate the relative distances from the Bronx of Fenway Park, in Boston, and Camden Yards, in Baltimore.
If these spheres then separated the orbits of the planets, he conjectured, perhaps their relative distances from the sun and their number could be understood as revealing, in a deep sense, the mind of God.
In particular, QUAD makes use of relative distances from landmark points to determine the quadrant a node resides in and refines estimations according to neighbour provided information.
Yet, while in a linear diagram as the electrocardiogram only relative distances from the originating point of the line matter, in the drawing a higher number of features color, thickness, intensity, contrast, etc.—are relevant (Goodman 1976, 229 230).
The basic idea in SFA is first estimating the efficiency frontier and, based on this estimation, measuring the efficiency by calculating the relative distances from the actual data points to the frontier.
Thus, we apply a double-threshold scheme: firstly, we reduce the impact of infrequent points in the model, the relative distances from which to the other points in the model are comparatively large.
The relationships between the remaining distances to the center of the intersection when releasing the accelerator pedal, moving the right foot to cover the brake pedal, and activating the turn signal and the relative distances from the forward and following vehicles were analyzed based on the measured data.
