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A recent study on the expression patterns of the cell-cycle genes in Phalaenopsis aphrodite indicates that genes are coordinately regulated from ovule development to embryogenesis (Lin et al. 2014).
Further, space constraints due to the tight internal flower packing resulting from ovule growth following pollination, probably prohibit new galls from developing [ 19].
However, because of the difficulty to isolate the in vivo apical and basal cells of two-celled proembryo from ovule and ovary in higher plants, the transcriptome analysis of them hasn't been reported.
In this work, seedlessness was analysed as seed fresh weight because no significant differences were found between fresh and dry weight in a preliminary analysis [ 16] and because seed number analysis is subject to bias due to the subjectivity of determining and differentiating true seeds from large rudiments, or rudiment traces from ovule traces.
The cotton fiber is a single cell without the complex cell division and multicellular development that develops from ovule's epidermal cells.
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The autonomous seed-like structures are devoid of endosperm or embryo and develop only from ovules that are deficient of MET1 in the sporophytic integuments but not from ovules from met1/+ plants, 50% of which are deficient of MET1 in the female gametophyte.
Because the two-celled embryos of tobacco are deeply embedded in the ovules and are difficult to approach, viable two-celled proembryos must be isolated from ovules by enzymatic maceration combined with grinding [13].
Pollen tubes perceive this signal at a distance of ~100μm from ovules after a 5 hour incubation in the assay.
Quantitative RT-PCR analyses were performed on RNA extracted from ovules four days after pollination corresponding to the early stage of embryo development; from ovules 12 days after pollination corresponding to the middle stage; and from ovules 22 days after pollination corresponding to the late stage.
It could be that enough ovule expressed genes have been retained (or redeployed) in the angiosperm flower to mask any differences among genes not derived from ovules.
To directly test the role of this tissue, we removed funiculi from ovules, revealing a small but significant decrease in targeting efficiency (Table 1).
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