Missy Elliott used this technique in one of her songs, "Work It", as did Jay Chou ("You Can Hear", from Ye Hui Mei), At the Drive-In ("300 MHz", from Vaya), and Lacuna Coil ("Self Deception", from Comalies).
The majority of endocytosis in the nephrocyte takes place after filtration from the lacunae, although endocytosis of non-filtered haemolymph also takes place from the foot process tips to a lesser extent.
The most revealing finding from this study is that the canalicular number density emanated from individual lacunae was highly consistent, regardless of the size and location of the lacunae, animal age, and the status of diabetes or perlecan deficiency (Tables 1– 4).
We designed an automated quantification method to segment and extract 3D cell descriptors from osteocyte lacunae.
Small channels (canaliculi) radiate from the lacunae to the osteonic (haversian) canal to provide passageways through the hard matrix.
It differs from protoxylem lacunae of similar-appearing iridopterid taxa where parenchyma is absent and stretching of central tracheids results in their destruction to produce a vertical cavity.
Each nephrocyte is enveloped in a negatively charged basement membrane so that haemolymph is filtered across basement membrane and the nephrocyte diaphragm and is endocytosed from the lacunae.
Unfortunately, we were not able to quantify TRACP + cells relative to viable osteocytes, as we could not accurately differentiate TRACP- osteocytes from empty lacunae in our histological sections.
Beno et al. [ 50] estimated the numbers of canaliculi emanating from osteocyte lacunae for different species (six species: chick, rabbit, bovine, horse, dog, and human) by using the slicing method and surface area method based on the data from Remaggi et al. and Ferretti et al. [ 52, 53].
In this study, we focused on examining selective features of the osteocyte network in terms of the overall topology (such as the number density of canaliculi emanating from the lacunae) and detailed link bandwidth (such as the pericellular fluid annular gap).
The company, which has 75 employees, is financed by $5.5 million in venture capital raised from Lacuna Gap Capital in Boulder, Colo., and Highway 12 Ventures, a Boise firm.
