She dismisses the argument that Wonga's success comes from its frontier-breaking technology.
At the urging of the United States, Pakistan had moved six divisions from its eastern frontier with Indian Kashmir to fight militants on its western border with Afghanistan; now the terrorists have succeeded in inducing Pakistan to threaten to cut back its pressure on the tribal areas and redeploy its troops to the east.
Pakistan's answer on November 25th it charged seven alleged planners of the Mumbai attack with terrorism offences looks inadequate.Demands on AmericaBut prolonged violence in Afghanistan would also have worrying consequences for Pakistan: for example, more Islamist blowback from its radicalised frontier.
But while Turkey has threatened to establish a buffer zone in Syria and Iraq to push IS back from its own frontier, this would be a major military undertaking and draw the country directly into what could fast become a quagmire.
From its northern frontier with Macedonia to its port of Piraeus in the south, Greece was inundated with refugees and migrants after border shutdowns cascaded through the Balkans, stranding at least 20,000 in the country.
A complementary perspective on each design is found from its Pareto frontier of resilience and efficiency (Fig. 6).
The former Oxford University historian Adrian Goldsworthy has argued that the cause of the fall of the Roman Empire in the West should not be blamed on barbarization of the late Roman Army, but on its recurrent civil wars, which led to its ability to repel or defeat invasions from outside its frontiers to be seriously weakened.
Check out the Arabia Steamboat Museum (400 Grand Boulevard, 816-471-1856), an 1850's riverboat recovered intact along with its frontier cargo from beneath a cornfield, and grab a casual lunch at one of the market's open-air grills.
And when, more recently, the party began to flex political muscle to strengthen some of Switzerland's enduring emblems -- particularly secrecy laws intended to shield its banks from scrutiny -- one newspaper questioned whether Switzerland was not, in fact, withdrawing in other ways from the world beyond its frontiers.
Yet twenty years later President Teddy Roosevelt stood by when tsarist Russia, looking south from its booming Pacific frontier at Vladivostok, saw warm-water ports and Chinese weakness in Korea and moved troops into the peninsula.
