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Artificial Immune System (AIS) has recently been actively researched with a number of emerging engineering applications that has capitalized from its characteristics including self-organization, distributive control, knowledge mapping and fault tolerance.
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Ag-NPs formed from both organism display a red shift in wavelengths from its characteristic resonance peak for spherical silver nanoparticle at 420 nm.
The Papillon derives its name from its characteristic butterfly-like look of the long and fringed hair on the ears.
The LITAF family derived its name from its characteristic domain resembling the lipopolysaccharide-induced tumour necrosis alpha factor (LITAF).
Specificity was determined by the ability to identify the β-lactam from its characteristic retention time and ultraviolet spectrum, and the fine resolution of its chromatographic peak.
Progressive stepwise annealing up to 170 K results in conversion of B to A, as evidenced by a decay of the B signal and increase in that of A.. Species A is assigned to the hydroperoxo feriheme state from its characteristic g-tensor.
Alternate methods of detection for low molecular weight species, such as drugs or probe molecules, can potentially be overcome by subsequent collision-induced dissociation of the molecular ion peak belonging to the suspected parent species, followed by confirmation of the parent ion from its characteristic molecular fragments.
In an essay titled "What Is an Emotion?," James offered the following thought experiment: imagine a strong emotional response to some event in your life, and then try to erase from it "its characteristic bodily symptoms" — for instance, fear without a rush of adrenaline and the physical impulse to run, or sadness without flushness and tears.
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com