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Most modern commodity chemicals are synthesized from fossil resources.
The ammonia is intended to substitute for nitrogen fertilizer produced from fossil resources.
Biodiesel produced by using methanol as alcohols cannot be termed as completely renewable as methanol is derived from fossil resources.
To open the application field to biofuels (to substitute current fuels resulting from fossil resources), the process efficiency has to be developed to be economically profitable.
The use of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), produced from agricultural oils as a fuel in diesel engines has been proposed as an alternative to diesel from fossil resources.
This strategy could store temporary surpluses of renewable electricity, but the lack of accurate carbon balance makes it difficult to establish the regulatory status of the final product, particularly when CO2 is derived from fossil resources.
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Apart from burning classical fossil resources or generating nuclear power, alternatives have been developed, like the classical ways to capture energy from wind, water and sun, or the innovative solar chimney concept.
The figure reveals that the major impact resulted from the demand of fossil resources mainly caused by machinery and electricity use.
The figure shows that the most important impacts resulting from the input of fossil resources were mainly caused by the fuel for the machinery, the fertilizers and the electricity use.
It is the aim of this mini-review to describe the scope of the possibilities to generate current functionalized chemicals using amino acids from biomass instead of fossil resources.
Lignocellulosic biomass, including agricultural and forestry residues and herbaceous and woody crops [ 1], provides the only sustainable resource with potential for large-scale and low-cost production of liquid fuels and organic chemicals that are currently produced from dwindling and nonrenewable fossil resources that are major contributors to greenhouse gas emissions [ 1, 2].
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