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Domestic firms' in-house R&D capital facilitates learning from foreign firms.
Ultimately, a decrease in import tariffs increases imports and competition from foreign firms.
It also increases with the budget spent on paying license fees and on acquiring patents and labour from foreign firms.
Certainly fiercer competition, particularly from foreign firms, is likely to heighten efficiency in Japan.
Much of it was raised from foreign firms which British taxpayers would never have to bail out.
Already, margins are under threat, both from foreign firms establishing their own Indian operations, and from other countries.
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Accordingly, covered financial institutions must collect beneficial ownership information from such foreign firms.
But China would need approval from the foreign firms that designed the reactor.
In the Netherlands, for instance, many people buy CDs over the Internet from small foreign firms.
But openness also exposes them to competition from rival foreign firms, paring their margins.
One of the reasons for this requirement was that the government wanted the Chinese firms to learn from the foreign firms and eventually set up their own car-making operations.
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