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Our results demonstrate that biofuel programs can benefit from ex ante analyses to improve their design.
Therefore, their overall assessment was that their results could not be credibly interpreted as effects of the EITC.4 To date, no successful ex-post evaluation of the EITC reform using microdata has been carried out, and therefore, only results from ex ante analyses are available (e.g., Ericson et al., 2009).
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This research draws on data from ex-ante and ex-post assessments of the EPC in a number of countries and presents the results of a survey of Dutch private dwelling purchasers.
It is important to distinguish anticipation effects from ex-ante effects (Abbring and van den Berg 2004; Richardson and van den Berg 2013; van den Berg et al. 2009).
Results from ex-ante approach infer rise in population of about 15% during 2001 2011, which led to a significant change in land use pattern, microclimate and also increased water demand.
4 This perfect competition assumption among HMOs makes sense since HMOs are identical from an ex ante perspective, even though from an ex post perspective HMOs are differentiated due to the providers' differentiation.
To the extent that a later author is free to borrow material from an earlier one, the later authors cost of expression is reduced; and, from an ex ante viewpoint, every author is both an earlier author from whom a later author might want to borrow material and the later author himself.
Moving from the early to the late accounting system thus may reduce distortions from the ex ante efficient second-period effort.
Finally, the refined framework was used from an ex ante perspective to analyze the German electric car market.
If the government cannot commit, the ex post optimal fiscal policy will be too small from an ex ante perspective.
They also show that ex post efficient contracts may well be inefficient from an ex ante perspective.
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