The results are discussed with respect to clone selection for different willow applications such as biomass production and phytoremediation, and willow growth performance under different water and nutrient availabilities.
However, we can give an indication of the C accumulation potentials of the different willow genotypes using our measurements of above and below ground biomass from the end of the first and second rotation (January 2012 and 2014).
Furthermore, five SSR primer pairs and six ILP primer pairs of willow (Supplementary Table S10) were amplified in 30 different willow materials (Supplementary Table S11).
Each of the four randomised complete block design trials contained a different willow genotype (Endeavor, Resolution, Terra nova and Tordis).
Analyses of Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth), Alternanthera philoxeroides (alligator weed) and Justicia americana (water willow) from different habitats containing a wide range of nutrients, and covering a period of four years, are recorded.
The discovery and inclusion of more ring species (for example, the willow warblers Phylloscopus trochilus, which display a form of incipient ring speciation around the Baltic Sea [ 5, 10]) will likewise allow further refinement of the model, perhaps eventually allowing an analysis of what types of barriers are associated with ring species from different taxonomic groups.
Specifically, we hypothesize that faster growing hybrid willow seedlings reached a size threshold where they could produce higher concentrations of defences (tannins, phenolic glycosides and other unmeasured traits) or greater concentrations of deterrent volatiles [ Hanley et al. (2013) report variation in mollusc olfactory selection of plants from different ontogenetic stages].
The mature canopy of the drained site was comprised of seven different Salix (willow) species and two different types of Betula (birch).
Trunks can be obtained from Willow and Elder Willow at Payon Field.
The ethanol yields from sorghum were similar to those from willow, ranging from 26.5 to 39.4 mg ethanol/g feedstock.
