The utility gain in the scenario 2 model did not change according to the different utilities obtained from different sources because the utility gain was directly obtained from the QoL result investigated by the FAIR-HF study group (Table 5).
However, analysts should be cautious when applying the utility estimates from this study, keeping in mind that the differences observed in toxicity state utilities were driven by the different utilities assigned to the base case of partial response.
The problem with these three different aspects of utility is that the rational agent model implicitly assumes them to be equal, whereas empirical psychology research [45, 46] has found that these aspects reflect different utilities; the utility that one actually experiences may be different from both what one beforehand predicted and what one later will remember.
The download options have different utilities.
This difference in utilities derived from the two preference-based measures adds to the body of literature that suggests different measures may produce different utilities.
This enables the representation of varying goals from different stakeholders by defining different utility functions.
In addition, it may be that the transition from healthy to ill, meaning the time surrounding the onset of a disease or condition, infers a transition process that has an altogether different utility value from that assigned to a state once it has been underway for some period of time.
When different utility weights obtained from the systematic literature research were applied to the model, the ICER decreased by approximately 6% under the utilities of the mean of two studies for advanced-stage CHF patients [ 23, 24] and decreased by approximately 12% under the utilities from the mean of three principal utilities [ 22- 24].
However, given there are no cardiac disease-specific utility instruments, we applied the quality of life scores from the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (which range from 0 to 1) to understand how different utility estimates might impact the cost per QALY.
Virginians living in Dominion's domain cannot choose a different utility; neither can customers of Appalachian Power, the second-largest utility, or those who receive their power from one of 11 energy cooperatives in other parts of the state.
