"We can't do it from a top-down position.
"We're shifting from a top-down economy to one based on spending by residents," Fuller says.
Others, however, question the wisdom of planning a Europe-wide grid from a top-down perspective.
Indeed, it developed from a top-down perspective, where governments gave rights to the individuals over whom they governed.
In the process, the entire structure of the industry could shift from a top-down approach to one that is organised from the bottom up.
It is not easy, of course, to create a 3D building viewed from a top-down isometric angle, which shows different floors by making others transparent.
"Obviously there is a friction involved in moving from a top-down, centralised management system to a bottom-up, autonomous system.
"More and more people sense an energy and vibe, and that energy cannot be created from a top-down approach," says Gwee. "It has to be sustained organically.
So we changed it from a top-down perspective.
Land use planning in Turkey evolves from a top-down, state-led government process.
