The TERA Foundation has proposed and designed a hadrontherapy facility based on the cyclinac concept: a high gradient linear accelerator placed downstream of a cyclotron used as an injector.
A first one is based on the production using compact PET cyclotrons with 10 20 MeV protons via 14N p,α)11C reactions following an approach developed at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [2].
While whistler-mode waves propagating parallel to the magnetic field direction are circularly polarized waves with purely electromagnetic components, interactions can be treated based on the cyclotron resonance condition.
Furthermore, since the ratio between the plasma frequency (fp) and the electron cyclotron frequency (fce), fp/fce, is typically less than 10, the minimum resonance energy based on the first-order cyclotron resonance condition is estimated to be in the energy range of hundreds of eV to a few keV for the upper band chorus and from a few keV to tens of keV for the lower band chorus, respectively.
Typically, 15 25 mCi (5.5 9.2 GBq) of 5-[18F]fluoro-6-nitroquipazine 5-[18F]fluoro-6-nitroquipazine 5-[18F]fluoro-6-nitroquipazine 5-[18F]fluoro-6-nitroquipazine20.3–24.0 GBq) aliquot of a cyclotron [1 2]F− produCi/μmolatch (2.7–3.8% nor decay-corrected yield based on the starting [18F]fluoride).
Based on the R&D starting from 2009, a construction project of a 230 MeV superconducting cyclotron (CYCIAE-230) has been launched recently at China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE).
Typically, 20 45 mCi (0.74 1.67 GBq) of -9- 2-[18F]fluoropyridinyl cytisine ([18F]-3, 2–3 Ci/μmol or 74 111 GBq/μmol) were easily obtained in 70 75 min starting from a 100 mCi (3.7 GBq) aliquot of a cyclotron-produced [18F]fluoride production batch (20 45% non decay-corrected yield based on the starting [18F]fluoride).
Based on the experience of the existing CRM Cyclotron in CIAE, a new start-up sequence is developed and tested.
In this paper, based on the mapping data of 70 MeV cyclotron including the fringe field by BEST Cyclotron Inc BESTT) and combination magnet field by China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE), the beam extraction and transport are investigated for the 70 MeV cyclotron used on the SPES project at Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (INFN LNL).
Based on the microwave theory, field circuit model of cyclotron resonance cavity structure is rigorously presented.
