The recording of impulses from single fibres in the auditory nerve of bullfrogs and the green frog indicates that two types of auditory nerve fibres are present.
ESTs from other species revealed that this alternative splicing is conserved in SKIP orthologs from birds, fish, and frogs, indicating that it has biological value.
For example, lab studies in frogs indicates that low levels of atrazine may turn males into females.
The clustering of the bacterial communities in the NMDS ordination plot for the two treatment groups was tightest at 2 weeks postmarking but still overlapping with data points for the bacterial communities associated with all frogs premarking, indicating that the bacterial communities returned to their previous compositions after the "disturbance events" (handling and PIT tagging) (Fig. 3).
These results likely indicate that gene flow decreased with geographic distance, despite the fact that there were rivers distributed across the frogs' range.
Importantly, in eutherian mammals there are no SIRH12 orthologues present between the ECRs C and D. The same is true of the platypus, chicken, frog and fish, indicating that SIRH12 retrotransposition occurred only in the marsupial lineage after their divergence from the eutherian mammals that occurred between 130 and 148 million years ago.
Among the analyzed species, we found that 77% of human genes could be traced back to protochordates with at least some homology (e-value ≤ e−10), around 10% less than chicken (85%) and frog (86%) genomes, indicating that the common ancestral genome of tunicates and vertebrates had homology to at least 77% of the human gene repertoire.
However, HoxB7 mRNA was cloned in another frog (Xenopus laevis; accession: NM_001085641), indicating that frogs possess HoxB7 gene.
Geographic isolation of OTUs and molecular differences comparable to species level differentiation in other frog families indicate that O. natator contains cryptic species diversity.
Nevertheless, there is a strong tendency for readers to take the tree in a as indicating that frogs are more closely related to fishes than humans are.
