While studies in frog and chick embryos suggested that Wnt/β-catenin signaling suppressed cardiac differentiation, evidence from mouse P19CL6 teratocarcinoma cells indicated a positive role for Wnt/β-catenin signaling in cardiogenesis [10], [11], [12].
Extensive work in frog and chick embryos has explored the inductive interactions between these two tissues, although it is less clear how these mechanisms translate in the mouse embryo (reviewed [ 60]).
ADAM GOPNIK: Uh — "snake frog and chicken".
Using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization in developing embryos of chick, frog and teleost fishes, we have revealed that the co-expression of Runx2 and VDR in skeletal elements has been particularly strengthened in the lineage leading to amniotes.
In addition to the human and mouse, we obtained the sequence of the PEDF gene and surrounding region for chick, frog and several fish species from the genomic databases.
Alignment of protein sequences revealed that the alanine (A436) and aspartic acid (D448) residues found to vary in NTD patients are highly conserved (in human, chimpanzee, macaque, mouse, rat, dog, chick, frog, and zebra fish).
In contrast to the cilia model, which must postulate divergent origins of asymmetry in animals such as mouse, pig, chick, frog, and invertebrates, the intracellular model is compatible with an ancient, highly conserved role for the symmetry-breaking mechanism.
Therefore, studies on the early development of the forebrain in zebrafish, frog, chick and mouse embryos have shed light on the conserved developmental programmes that contribute to the formation and development of the vertebrate brain (Wilson and Houart, 2004).
The complete genome sequences of human, mouse, chick, fugu, western clawed frog and zebrafish were used to examine the conservation of exon-intron splice junctions among the species.
WITH: Francis Barrett, Kathleen McDonagh and Chick Gillen.
