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This innovative valve concept is based on controlling the friction of material by employing several friction elements along the flow direction.
First, the measured coefficient of friction of material combinations depends on an amount of parameters: surface roughness, the used lubrication, the velocity, and the used axial load [ 25– 29].
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This error may occur due to the improper insulation of pipes, variation in coefficient of friction of materials used in the simulation, and irregularities, such as fitting and joints in the experimental setup.
Weber (1948): "The development of the money economy, in so far as a pecuriary compensation of the officials is concerned, is a presupposition of bureaucracy", p. 204 "…precision, unity, strict subordination, reduction of friction and of material and personal costs – these are raised to the optimum point in the strictly bureaucratic administration, and especially in its monocratic form.
The proposed hardening mechanism is controlled by the slope of the asymptotes of the hyperbolic meridians and thus by the mobilized friction of the material.
When civil engineering structures are loaded by an earthquake, the cracks appear at the very first stages, and the dissipation of the energy is mainly devoted to internal friction of the material.
Abrasion occurs by the friction of exogenous material forced over tooth surfaces.
Thus, our results show that the rate- and state-dependent friction constitutive law alone cannot sufficiently describe the friction characteristics of materials containing a certain amount of clay minerals, in particular smectite.
Sliding friction of metallic materials results in severe plastic deformation of the contacting surfaces.
Ion implantation leads to reduction of friction of various materials offering interesting applications mainly related to energy saving, elimination of environmentally harmful wastes and design of advanced "smart" materials.
Abrasion is produced by the friction of exogenous materials forced over the tooth surfaces [29] [31].
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