To help answer such questions in freshwater ecosystems, taxonomic groups such as molluscs should be high on the list for assessment on the IUCN Red List, specifically due to the ecosystem services that they provide.
Again, however, creatures in high-latitude freshwater ecosystems often experience such conditions each winter when ice blocks the exchange of oxygen from the overlying air.
Freshwater ecosystems are divided into two major classes flowing (such as rivers and streams) and static (such as lakes and ponds).
This diverse group of microorganisms represents a part of the microbiota in all natural ecosystems, such as soils, freshwaters and marine waters from the ocean surface to the deep sea (Kutty and Philip 2008).
The 11 species often referred to as river otters are found throughout North America, South America, Europe, Africa, and Asia in freshwater ecosystems that sustain an abundance of prey such as fish, crayfish, crabs, mussels, and frogs.
The 11 species often referred to as river otters are found throughout the Americas, Europe, Africa, and Asia in freshwater ecosystems that sustain an abundance of prey such as fish, crayfish, crabs, mussels, and frogs.
Our focus is on Europe, where biodiversity and ecosystem benefits have been well studied for many ecosystems, such as forests, coastal ecosystems and freshwater wetlands.
Some dyrosaurid species, such as A. balrogus, adapted to freshwater ecosystems like the rainforest of Cerrejón, which was much warmer and swampier 60 million years ago than it is today.
In contrast, the proportion of expert judgments was over 80% for major ecosystems such as mountains, open lowland, and freshwater.
Emerging environmental DNA (eDNA) techniques have potential for monitoring threatened freshwater biodiversity, yet have not been applied in complex and biodiverse tropical ecosystems such as the Mekong.
