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The same device was used to measure transepithelial potential (TEP) before and after freshwater application.
After apical freshwater application TEP became increasingly negative from −0.9 ± 0.15 mV to −12.9 ± 2.9 mV (n = 8).
The same statistical analysis was used to test for differences between asymmetrical and symmetrical uptake or efflux Papp for each drug to assess the effect of apical freshwater application.
For example, in symmetrical conditions TEP is positive (1.9 ± 0.2 mV) and becomes negative after apical freshwater application (−10.3 ± 0.2 mV, Fletcher et al., 2000; −12.9 ± 2.9 mV, data not shown), to a value similar to that observed in vivo (Potts, 1984).
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He believes freshwater applications will be the next frontier for both second- and third-generation ESPs.
Thus, while COI is perhaps the best target for terrestrial macroscopic life and some freshwater applications, marine and parasitic systems remain far too complex for this approach.
The data are from both freshwater and marine applications.
Details are given of the surface analysis method implementation to characterize the free surface and velocity influences of a shallow mesotidal estuary to changes in freshwater discharges, with particular application to the Suances Estuary (SE), located in north of Spain.
In asymmetrical conditions involving the application of freshwater at the apical surface, more propranolol, ranitidine and imipramine were taken up across the gill cell surface than effluxed after 48 h.
The aim of this review is to give a description of potential applications for freshwater bivalve rearing and possible future perspectives.
The large quantity of water generated from CBM production wells can be potential freshwater sources for various applications, including potable consumption.
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