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The amount of makeup enzyme added was varied between 0 and 34 mg EP/g fresh cellulose added with the new slurry added in each recycle round.
The experiment was designed as a response surface central composite design to determine the impact of fraction of insoluble solids recycled, varied from 70-96%, and additional enzyme loading, which varied between 23 46 mg EP/g fresh cellulose.
A more effective method may be to exploit cellulase affinity for cellulose, in which the addition of cellulose to cellulase-containing hydrolysate results in re-adsorption onto the fresh cellulose substrate [ 163, 169, 170].
The samples were then centrifuged and the liquid fraction decanted, and either citrate buffer, buffer with 34 mg EP/g fresh cellulose calculated based on the addition of 20 g fresh substrate, or 20 g fresh substrate at 15% TS with no additional enzyme was added to the samples.
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Play behavior was assessed under red-light illumination during the dark phase of the cycle in a neutral arena (49 × 37 × 24 cm) with TEK-Fresh cellulose bedding (Harlan Laboratories) to which the pups were habituated by being allowed to explore for 10 min with their cagemates on PN26.
A 'marker' layer was built by filtering some fresh inoculum onto new cellulose acetate/nitrate membranes at the biomass density of s (g m−2).
Cellulase activity was estimated by determination of released reducing sugars, after incubation of samples (5 g fresh weight) with carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt (0.7%) for 24 hours at 50°C, in a Bio-Rad Microplate Reader at 690 nm [45].
The mobile phase was filtered fresh daily using a cellulose filter (0.45 μm) and ran at 1.0 mL/min through the HPLC machine.
At 24 hpi, the cells were washed and incubated in fresh medium containing 1% methyl cellulose.
For the recycle rounds this included both cellulose from the fresh substrate and cellulose which was carried over in the insoluble solids.
The endo-β1,4-glucanase activity was determined by incubating a fresh 2% (w/ v) carboxymethyl cellulose CMC 7 L2 solution in 50 mM citrate buffer, pH 4.8, for exactly 30 min, followed by the reducing sugar determination.
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