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Three rare missense mutations in the α-synuclein gene, SCNA, and more frequently duplications or triplications of genomic regions including SCNA are responsible for parkinsonism with autosomal dominant inheritance [5].
These early aberrations are mainly deletions and LOH, whereas aberrations arising during long-term culture of hESCs are more frequently duplications.
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We found that Alu elements, especially young AluY, were enriched in the immediate adjacent regions of frequently duplicated sequences (subunits, duplication loci, and CNVs).
However, gene loss occurs frequently after duplications, and the determination of the number CXCL8_L2 genes in carp will have to wait the complete genome of this species.
However, because genes enter and leave genomes frequently, local duplications cannot be the general cause of clustering.
Less frequently, sequence duplication may occur within the ORF.
The picture that emerges from analysis of the non-conserved Arabidopsis miRNAs appears to show that new MIRNA loci are forming frequently through duplication events.
The most frequently observed duplication included the region of chromosome 12 that contains pluripotency- and proliferation-associated genes, including NANOG.
They also frequently experience duplication, recombination and diversifying selection, making their evolutionary histories much more complex than those of housekeeping genes [ 20].
This scenario does probably not account for the majority of cross-interactions, because it is inconsistent with data suggesting that self-interactions do not get lost overly frequently after duplication [ 22].
In plant genomes, tandem duplication events occur more frequently than other duplication modes and produce greater gene copy number and allelic variation.
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