Despite the frequent advancements in treatment modalities and the use of high technology equipment in contemporary orthodontics, little attempt has been made to advance preventive orthodontic services.
It is increasingly evident that FM represents a significant challenge in view of its high prevalence, frequent comorbidities, and frustration with current treatment modalities.
The program is composed of 4 sessions lasting approximately 45 minutes, being each session organised by theoretical components, which include: anatomy and spinal biomechanics; epidemiology; physiopathology of the most frequent back disorders; posture; ergonomics; common treatment modalities and a practical component (exercises for the maintenance of a "healthy back")[ 18].
Patients receiving two treatment modalities (CT+SRRTM) reported more frequent an unfulfilled wish for children.
Table 9 outlines the common treatment modalities and the most frequent health problems reported by the survivors who had undergone those treatments.
Also, these patients, because of their diagnosis and treatment modalities, are often in frequent contact with professional nurses and may therefore be better able to formulate their perceptions of what nurse behaviors constitute caring to them [ 1].
Of those, by far the most commonly reported (in over 50% of the papers) were treatment modalities, with medication being the most frequent, followed by psychological and psychosocial therapies.
This is mainly due to the high cost of haemodialysis ($160 per session in Nigeria) and ancillary treatment modalities and interruptions of dialysis services due to frequent breakdown of machines and erratic power supply.
Although most cases of CT elapse almost asymptomatically, it is not uncommon that some of them present in an emergency or with frequent outpatient office visits due to the ineffectiveness of the various conservative treatment modalities.
Despite the great advancement in diagnosis and treatment modalities, especially surgical and targeted therapies, it's outcome remains challenging due to frequent recurrence [ 2].
