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The available risk model studies, however, had several limitations, including retrospective analyses of small study populations lacking independent validation, frequent missing values, and differences in the predictive factors considered.
Prior to the 16th century, the ice-core accumulation series (G) has only decadal resolution, and the monsoon index (S) has frequent missing values, which need to be estimated from its own decadal autocorrelation structure and the correspondence with the decadal ice-core accumulation (see Figure 3d and Methods).
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The frequent occurrence of missing values may hamper the use of these physical activity questionnaires in daily practice.
To overcome the frequent problem of missing values in TMA datasets we developed a novel statistical approach based on a learning model that is invariant to missing values and results in an easily interpretable and practically applicable linear model.
It is well known that deletion of participants with missing values (frequent in large studies) leads to biased results [ 18].
Datasets with missing values are frequent in real-world classification problems.
Missing values are frequent in our data.
Missing values were frequent for smoking status (44.9%), osteoporosis family history (26.8%) and serum 25(OH) vitamin D (49%).
Missing values are more frequent among individuals with vocational education at ISCED 3 4, followed by individuals with academic education at ISCED 3 4.
As a consequence, missing values (MVs) are frequent and make it difficult to perform data analysis.
One limitation of our study is that missing values were more frequent in women and in older patients.
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