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In the experiment reported below, sentential contexts are biased towards the primary (i.e., the more frequent) meanings of the ambiguous words.
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Service on passenger rail systems like Amtrak is much less frequent, meaning that track workers can order the slowing or stopping of trains without causing major delays.
Moreover, airlines are using these planes on longer routes than in previous years, and onboard delays have grown more frequent, meaning a lengthier stay in less-than-ideal quarters.
In addition, it is the second most frequent meaning in Patrick and equal fourth in Brooks.
Manner: quality is the third most frequent meaning in Bowen, and the second in the other three texts.
Each target sentence was preceded by another sentence playing the role of context, which was designed to prime the less frequent meaning of the ambiguous word.
We report the oral picture naming performance of the German aphasic MW who presented with frequent meaning related word substitutions (e.g. tiger⇒lion) and word finding blockings (omissions) while his phonological capacities at the single word level were nearly preserved.
For instance, in tasks in which semantically ambiguous words are presented in a context priming the less frequent meaning, schizophrenic patients display an abnormally strong tendency to erroneously select the more common meaning [2], [5] [8].
To asses the first hypothesis we implemented a lexical disambiguation task in which semantically ambiguous words are preceded by a context that primes either the dominant or the less frequent meaning.
In contrast, both pMTG and IFG showed their strongest responses when participants were required to retrieve only the less frequent meaning of ambiguous words that is, when semantic selection and inhibition requirements were maximal.
High-frequent meanings were given five prelearning trials; low-frequent meanings were given two prelearning trials.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com