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The center frequency of the filter can be tuned discretely from 1.382 GHz to 1.193 GHz.
The cut-off frequency of the filter is empirically set to 25%%.
Cutoff frequency of the filter is optimized to minimize the reconstruction error, which is also selected as an objective function.
The simulated bandwidth and center frequency of the filter were tuned from 150 to 300 MHz and 4.5 5 GHz without degradation of the insertion loss, respectively.
where l = 4 is the center frequency of the filter and b is the equivalent rectangular bandwidth which increases with f.
The cutoff frequency of the filter will be determined by the characteristic frequency due to the wheel out-of-roundness or rail corrugation.
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Fig. 1 The instantaneous frequency of the filtered out Bragg peak (f m =0.05 Hz and M f m =0.1).
Figure 1 displays the estimated instantaneous frequency of the filtered out Bragg peak by the proposed algorithm and CED algorithm compared with the theory frequency.
Fig. 5 The estimated instantaneous frequency of the filtered out Bragg peak (f m =0.25 Hz and M f m =0.1).
The amplitude-envelope and instantaneous frequency of the filtered time series were estimated using the Hilbert Transform of the signal.
So, the operational frequencies of the filter can be adjusted and has been fixed to 2.1 GHz and 2.63 GHz, which are applicative for 3G and 4G systems.
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