Frequency of social support interactions was assessed with the 12-item Social Support Scale for Interactions (score range 12 48) [ 27].
The amended ISSB Taiwanese version included 10 items evaluating the frequency of social support received from children, relatives, friends, social workers, and medical staff in the institute, as well as one item to evaluate residents' social support satisfaction [ 22].
The frequencies of social support items were categorized into never, occasionally, and often, and rated as 1, 2, and 3, respectively; satisfaction with social support was rated 1 if unsatisfied, 2 if did not matter, and 3 if satisfied.
For men, work characteristics that led to less care-seeking were social support by colleagues (GP frequency), high levels of decision latitude (GP frequency) and high levels of social support by the supervisor (medical specialist).
The frequency of contacts, and the perception of social support as perceived by the patient, is measured with the Multidimensional Health Profile – Psychosocial Functioning (MHP-P); Friends and Family Relationships (Dutch translation) [ 37] and the Adult Self Report (ASR) 'social support' scale (Dutch translation) [ 38, 39].
Longitudinal investigations are needed to confirm directionality of these relationships as well as the impact of trauma severity, frequency, and age of onset on perceptions of social support and loneliness.
One could argue that depression could both increase or decrease consultation frequency due to coping difficulties and lack of social support or due to isolation.
For example, in a study examining the effects of social support on symptom frequency and duration, social support was found to reduce episode duration and also to lower vulnerability to depression, however, it did not buffer against the effects of life stress [ 50].
Specifically, markers of higher neck pain frequency and psychometric markers (depressive mood, anxiety, deficits of social support) were related to higher mean NPAD-d scores (Table 1).
OBJECTIVES: To quantify the gender-specific frequency of deployment stressors, including sexual and non-sexual harassment, lack of social support and combat exposure.
Such a hypothetical model sets the variables of social support, economic situation assessment, health assessment, and frequency of activities as explanation for the variable of subjective happiness.
