Sentence examples for frequency of outcrossing from inspiring English sources

The frequency of outcrossing depends on the crop species in question and its pollination system, the distance to simultaneously flowering volunteers or relatives, and variables such as genotype, abundance and foraging behaviour of pollinators, weather conditions, time of the day, and the size of pollen donor and receiving populations.

The frequency of outcrossing for a strain combination was estimated from these multiple trials and considered to be one observation in the statistical analysis.

Twin Cays is exceptional among K. marmoratus populations in that it has a high frequency of males, and, as a result, a high frequency of outcrossing.

To test whether homothallism had an effect on the frequency of outcrossing, we performed a two-way ANOVA with planned comparisons and considered both mating ability (homo/heterothallism) and assay to be fixed effects.

Average outcrossing rates of the 11 weedy rice populations were 4.1% as estimated by multilocus outcrossing rate (tm), and 2.9% by single-locus outcrossing rate (ts), indicating in general very low frequency of outcrossing in weedy rice populations, which correspond to the self-pollinating nature of weedy rice.

Since direct observations of mating in the wild are not possible, we assayed the frequency of outcrossing in individual trials in which two or three asci were placed in contact with one another, and in mass mating assays of dense sporulated populations using natural strains.

The attraction of moths and other animal pollinators have important implications for plant reproductive success; floral scents are important in determining seed or fruit set in non-selfing plants and the frequency of outcross in selfing plants [ 1- 4].

In individual ascus-to-ascus trials, we found high frequencies of outcrossing and no significant differences between intra- and inter-species trials (within S. cerevisiae- 40%, within S. paradoxus- 43%, interspecies- 42%; see Figure 2).

Although there is evidence of genetic outcrossing in yeasts closely related to Sp, the relative frequencies of outcrossing vs selfing are unknown (Brown et al., 2011).

There is empirical evidence that polyploidy affects the frequency of inbreeding vs. outcrossing (Husband et al. 2008).

The patterns of BDS observed suggest that a recombination-associated process, such as GC-biased gene conversion, is involved in the production of the bias in many species, but the strength of the BDS likely depends on many factors, including genome stability, variability in recombination rate over time and across the genome, the frequency of meiosis, and the amount of outcrossing in each species.