Our observations, in agreement with data reported by other authors, confirmed a higher frequency of miscarriages, of premature births and of low birth weight infants born to women with autoimmune disease compared to epidemiologic data of general obstetric population in developed countries [ 11].
Studies that considered data on the frequency of miscarriages (i.e., a gestation age of ≥28 weeks) reported no or little effect of consanguinity on prenatal losses, while detecting clear-cut effects on postnatal mortality (Schull et al. 1970; Bittles and Makov 1988; Bittles and Black 2010b).
Results: There were no differences in frequency of miscarriage, preterm delivery or neonatal outcome.
The overall proportion of premature birth was highest during the last trimester of pregnancy, but no clear pattern was seen with regard to the frequency of miscarriage or premature birth.
Appendix 2 Table A5 shows the frequency of miscarriage or premature birth by clinical stage of smallpox among 27 patient in Philadelphia in 1878 (9); all patients miscarried or delivered prematurely at the given date of the illness.
The mean age at menarche was 15.39 years, the mean number of full-term pregnancies was 1.58, the mean duration of breastfeeding was 22.68 months, the mean age at first birth was 23.75 years, the mean frequency of miscarriage was 0.36, and the mean age at menopause was 48.63 years.
A cohort study from Canadian and Australian teratology information services (N = 176 pregnancies exposed to ondansetron) in 2004 reported no significant differences in the frequencies of miscarriage, stillbirth, induced abortion, major malformations, mean birth weight, or mean gestational age [ 22].
Mothers who worked with patients reported a higher frequency of previous miscarriages and use of fertility treatment prior to the present pregnancy.
The aim of this study was to investigate, in a population of 46,000 American women aged 40 and above, how BMI (both low and high) at age 20 influences the frequency of reporting miscarriages, irregular periods or failing to become pregnant even if trying to get pregnant for one straight year or more.
To determine whether the frequency of euploid miscarriage is increased in obese women with recurrent early pregnancy loss (REPL).
Progesterone plays a major role in gestation maintenance; thus, a disruption in progesterone signaling could also affect the frequency of spontaneous miscarriage, as described above.
