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To boost its declining revenues, MC must evaluate two growth options: whether to expand distribution online (at the risk of diluting the brand, by attracting older customers) and whether to increase the frequency of introducing new styles (at the risk of more fashion "misses").
Calculation of the frequency of introducing a premature stopcodon with different mutation spectra is an integrated feature of LIMSTILL.
The frequency of introducing the issue of referral in the consultation and the corresponding referral rates are different in high and low referrers.
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This means greater market integration of traditional foods did not modify the frequency of introduced foods consumption.
comm).. To address the question of whether directional selection has affected the frequency of introduced alleles at specific markers, we used Long's test statistic for heterogeneity of admixture among markers [ 30].
Using binomial 95% confidence intervals [ 60], we can be confident that if a marker was diagnostic in this test panel, the natural frequency of "introduced" alleles in California was less than 11% and the natural frequency of "native" alleles in the introduced population was less than 20%.
To quantify the contribution of each marker to each population test statistic, we recorded the χ2 residual (R i ) for each marker i, which in this case is where M i is the estimated frequency of introduced alleles at marker i, M is the average across all markers, and V(M i ) is the variance of the estimator, taking account of both sampling and drift following Long's [ 30] equation 18.
Melindy Pond is the most exceptional in having very low frequencies of introduced alleles.
In contrast, markers E06E11, E12C11, and E23C06 had consistently high frequencies of introduced alleles, with E23C06 fixed for introduced alleles in all samples.
Because the tiger salamander hybrid swarm includes a mixture of breeding ponds with high and low frequencies of introduced alleles [ 27, 32], gene flow among local ponds will tend to maintain positive disequilibria between conspecific alleles.
We assayed alternative population genetic outcomes in the wild by testing a large set of species-specific, mapped molecular markers for deviations from Hardy-Weinberg expectations (HWE), linkage disequilibria (LD), and heterogeneity in the frequencies of introduced alleles.
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