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First, that the mutations in the set have a high frequency of fixation during evolution.
As strand or frame should not influence slippage mutation rate, selection seems to modulate the frequency of fixation of LCRs of different composition.
We use the term conservative in the present paper, but we specifically refer to mutations with non-negative coefficients in substitution matrices (such as the Dayhoff et al. [ 10] matrix, PAM250) and, consequently, with a high frequency of fixation during evolution.
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In the present study, on the other hand, we report that combinations of a few conservative, high-frequency-of-fixation mutations in the thioredoxin molecule lead to largely independent changes in both stability and the diversity of catalytic mechanisms, as revealed by single-molecule atomic force spectroscopy.
To investigate how evolutionarily relevant changes in thioredoxin properties may be achieved, we have determined a number of high-frequency-of-fixation mutations using an alignment of 100 sequences derived [ 18] from a database BLAST search with the E. coli thioredoxin sequence as the query.
To isolate the time course of fixations landing in regions showing a cultural bias, we computed the frequency of fixations over time during face learning and recognition.
Given the rather heterogeneous, asymmetrical nature of the distributions of frequency of fixations over time, we also carried out percentile bootstrap analyses.
To finely track the appearance of such cultural fixation biases in processing faces, we computed the frequency of fixations over time for the fixations landing on the significant area around the eye and nose regions during face learning and recognition respectively.
The figure shows frequency distributions of fixation durations returned for 3 sample participants.
In addition, Fig. 3 presents the frequency distributions of fixation durations and saccade lengths as identified by the algorithm.
A plus indicates that the frequency of cooperator fixation exceeded the frequency of defector fixation (ρ C > ρ D ), while a minus indicates the opposite.
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