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Among other depression instruments, the frequency of depression was lowest using the DSM-IV major depression criteria (9.3%) and highest with the NPI depression subscale (54%).
Patients with CM had a higher mean BDI score than those with EM (p < 0.001), as well as a higher frequency of depression (p = 0.001).
The results of the mean BAI score and the frequency of anxiety were comparable to those of the mean BDI score and the frequency of depression.
We further found that the frequency of depression in patients with CM was 52.9%, which was higher than that of those with EM (30.1%).
Even though this could be related to the different methods used for diagnosing depression in the different studies (here we adopted Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS), the lower frequency of depression could be linked to the shorter duration of overuse in our series.
Primary outcomes are frequency of depression and quality of life.
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Studies have demonstrated higher frequencies of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder following major disasters.
For example, reported frequencies of depression and substance use disorders were also high in the GWAS sample used by Lesch et al. (2008).
We also verified the distributions of all variables in smoking mothers in both phases of recruitments, and found no significant differences frequencies of depression, antidepressant intake, race distribution, education, age, birth weight or BMI.
Even if the frequencies of depression, reduced functional capacity, and dependency in ADLs are high among very old individuals, few studies have investigated associations among these factors in a population including a majority of very old people.
Frequencies of depression diagnosis according to class membership were as follows: combined PTSD/PGD Class: N = 37 (97.4%); predominantly PTSD class: N = 49 (81.7%); predominantly PGD class: N = 30 (75%), Resilient class: N = 19 (17.3%).
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