The contribution of high-frequency ingredients to the map pattern is revealed.
SV patterns of country-size maps could be decided by the two high-frequency ingredients.
The existence of high-frequency ingredients in the temporal change of the main field has been taken into account too.
A fourth issue regards the contribution of high-frequency ingredients of the SV to the observed geographical pattern of the SV.
In the present paper we discuss, on data from the European network of geomagnetic observatories, a few issues regarding the secular variation and secular acceleration, with consequences on mapping them at regional scales, from the perspective of the existence of high-frequency ingredients (Demetrescu and Dobrica, 2005, 2013) in the temporal change of the main field.
The SV evolution in the 20th century in Europe, based on global models for the main field is presented in Section 6 from the perspective of the contribution of high-frequency ingredients, at 22- and ~80-year timescale, present in data.
This figure shows the normalized entropy of the recipe and ingredient frequency vectors per region versus the number of visits per region on a log scale.
To further extend and complement our analysis we investigate the dynamics (i.e., stability and changes) of the recipe and ingredient frequency vectors between consecutive months using the rank biased overlap (RBO) metric.
Two vectors (in our case recipe or ingredient frequency vectors) with the same orientation have a cosine similarity of 1, while vectors with opposite orientation have a cosine similarity of −1.
Hence, we focus on data from the main German speaking regions in Europe - i.e., 50 federal states in Austria (AT), Germany (DE) and Switzerland (CH). Figure 1 shows the number of visits for each of the 50 German speaking regions in our dataset on a log scale and the normalized entropy of the recipe and ingredient frequency vector per region.
In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, we examined the effects of Actazin and Gold, kiwifruit-derived nutritional ingredients, on stool frequency, stool form, and gastrointestinal comfort in healthy and functionally constipated (Rome III criteria for C3 functional constipation) individuals.
